11. Binders
Binders help pigment adhere to the applied surface. Common binders in pigments include glycerine, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Isopropyl palmitate (C19H38O2), natural resins like rosin and shellac, and block copolymers such as acrylates. Glycerine (C3H8O3) - aka Glycerol or Sugar Alcohol
Mostly derived from natural sources, glycerine is an odorless, colorless liquid with a sweet taste, used as a sweetener in the food industry. It maintains the moisture and prevents evaporation of other pigment components. Glycerine can be obtained from animal sources, soybeans, or palm oil, often produced through the reaction of different alcohols with triglycerides.
Rosin (C15H20O6)
Extracted from pine tree resin, rosin is sometimes a byproduct of paper production. It thickens and solidifies various products, including medications and chewing gum, and serves as an emulsifier in soft drinks like Gatorade. In pigments, rosin adds solidity and thickness. Concerns about its safety in food are often related to quantity.
Shellac
A natural resin secreted by the lac bug, shellac is used in pigmentaton pigments for its adhesive properties, contributing to consistent and lasting color. While safe for cosmetic use, it's not vegan-friendly due to its animal origin.
Isopropyl Palmitate (C19H38O2)
Derived from palm and coconut oils, this substance thickens pigments and unites various components, creating a clearer, shinier, softer, and smoother product. Concerns about it causing acne or clogged pores are generally exaggerated in the context of pigments.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
A stabilizing agent in pigmentation pigments, PVP enhances adherence and longevity of color. Safe for cosmetics, it ensures uniform application and contributes to the pigment's overall quality.
Propylene Glycol (C3H8O2)
Often misunderstood due to its presence in antifreeze, propylene glycol is safe in small amounts, as affirmed by the FDA. In pigments, it's used to maintain moisture and is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.